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List Of English Verbs Pdf

List of English Verbs in all Tenses 1000 English Verbs Forms: Proper use of verbs is very important to speak and write correct English. Following is the list of Verbs in it's forms. English Irregular Verb List A comprehensive list of English irregular verbs, including their base form, past simple, past participle, 3rd person singular, and the present participle / gerund. TheIrregularVerbs All the irregular verbs of the English language. Conjugation, pronunciation, translation and examples.

Like other types of words in the language, English verbs are not heavily. Most combinations of, and are expressed, using constructions with. Generally, the only inflected forms of an English verb are a third person singular form in -s, a (also called ), a (which may be the same as the past tense), and a form ending in that serves as a.

Most verbs inflect in a simple fashion, although there are about 200; the irregularity in nearly all cases concerns the past tense and past participle forms. The verb be has a larger number of different inflected forms, and is highly irregular. For details of the uses of particular verb tenses and other forms, see the article. For certain other specific topics, see the articles listed in the adjacent box. Main article: The past tense, or, may be formed regularly or irregularly. With regular verbs, the past tense is formed (in terms of spelling) by adding -ed to the base form ( play → played).

Normal rules for adding suffixes beginning with a vowel apply: If the base form ends in e then only d is added ( like → liked); if the base form ends in a consonant followed by y then the y is changed to i before adding the ending ( try → tried; an exception is the verb (a ball), which can form skied or skyed). Various rules apply for.

If the base form ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant (except h, silent t, w, x and y), then unless the final syllable is completely, the consonant is doubled before adding the -ed ( ship → shipped, but fathom → fathomed). For most base forms ending in c, the doubled form used is ck, and this is used regardless of stress ( panic → panicked; exceptions include zinc → zincked or zinced, arc → usually arced, spec → specced or spec'ed, sync → sometimes synched).

In, the doubling of l occurs regardless of stress ( travel → travelled; but paralleled is an exception), and when two separately-pronounced vowels precede the l ( dial → dialled, fuel → fuelled). If the final syllable has some partial stress, especially for compound words, the consonant is usually doubled: backflip → backflipped, hobnob → hobnobbed, kidnap → kidnapped etc. In some cases both alternatives are acceptable, e.g. Dialog → dialogued or dialogged, gambol → gambolled, hiccup → hiccupped or hiccuped, program → programed or programmed. Note however catalog → cataloged, pyramid → pyramided, format → formatted (but combat → combat(t)ed). Other variations not entirely consistent with these rules include bus → bused or bussed, bias → biased or biassed and focus → focused or focussed,.

The pronunciation of the past tense ending follows similar rules to those for the third person present tense ending described above: if the base form ends in /t/ or /d/ then a new syllable /ɪd/ or /əd/ is added (as in drifted, exceeded); if the base form ends in an sound other than /t/ then the ending is pronounced /t/ (as in capped, passed); otherwise the ending is pronounced /d/ (as in buzzed, tangoed). Consequently, in the 17th and 18th centuries, the latter two pronunciations were routinely spelled -'d, but -ed was later restored. For the past tense of irregular verbs, see. Some of these can be classed as, such as sing (past sang), while others are weak verbs with irregularly pronounced or irregularly spelt past forms, such as say (past tense said /sɛd/). The verb be has two past tense forms: was (first and third person singular) and were (plural and second person). The past tense (preterite) form is used in what is called the, in sentences such as We lit the fire and He liked to dance.

One of the uses of this tense is to refer not to a past situation, but to a hypothetical (present or future) situation in a: If I knew that, I wouldn't have to ask. This is sometimes called the 'past subjunctive', particularly in the case of were, which can replace was in such sentences; see. Past participle The of regular verbs is identical to the preterite (past tense) form, described in the previous section. For irregular verbs, see.

Some of these have different past tense and past participle forms (like sing–sang–sung); others have the same form for both (like make–made–made). In some cases the past tense is regular but the past participle is not, as with show–showed–shown. For uses of the past participle, see below. Present participle The form, which is also used for the, is formed by adding the suffix to the base form: go → going. A final is dropped ( believe → believing); final ie changes to y ( lie → lying), and consonant doubling applies as for the past tense (see ): run → running, panic → panicking. Some exceptions include forms such as singeing, dyeing, ageing, rueing, cacheing and whingeing, where the e may be retained to avoid confusion with otherwise identical words (e.g.

Singing), to clarify pronunciation (for example to show that a word has a soft or ch), or for aesthetic reasons. In standard English the ending is pronounced /ɪŋ/, although in many regional dialects the final consonant sound is pronounced /n/, sometimes represented in by spellings such as huntin' (see ). For uses of the present participle and gerund, see below. Copular, auxiliary and defective verbs The be has multiple irregular forms in the present tense: am for first person singular (which together with the subject pronoun is often to I'm), is for third person singular (often contracted to 's), and are for plural and second person (often contracted to 're chiefly after the pronouns you, we, they). It also has two past tense forms: was for first and third person singular, and were for plural and second person (also used as a past subjunctive with all persons; see ). The past participle is been, and the present participle and gerund is the regular being. The base form be is used regularly as an infinitive, imperative and (present) subjunctive.

For archaic forms, see the next section. English has a number of which generally do not inflect (most of them are surviving ), and so have only a single form, used as a with subjects of all persons and numbers. These verbs are can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought (to), as well as need and dare (when used with a bare infinitive), and in some analyses used (to) and had better. (The forms could, might, should and would are considered to be the past tenses of can, may, shall and will respectively, although they are not always used as such.) These verbs do not have infinitive, imperative or participle forms, although in some cases there exists a synonymous phrase that can be used to produce such forms, such as be able to in the case of can and could. The negation of can is the single word cannot.

There are contracted forms 'll and 'd for will and would (in some cases possibly considered to be from shall and should). Other verbs used as include have, chiefly in perfect constructions (the forms has, have and had can contract to 's, 've and 'd), and do ( does, did) in emphatic, inverted and negated constructions (see ). For more detail of the above, including contractions of negated forms ( isn't, won't, etc.), see. Another example of a is beware, which is used only in those forms in which be remains unchanged, namely the infinitive, subjunctive and imperative.

Archaic forms Archaic conjugation of have Person Singular Plural First I have We have Second Thou hast Ye have Third It hath They have Formerly, particularly in the period, the English language had a far greater degree of verb inflection than it does now (other generally retain a greater variety of inflected forms than English does). Some of the forms used in have now fallen out of use, but are still encountered in old writers and texts (e.g., the ) and in. One such form was the third person singular form with the suffix -eth əθ, pronounced as a full syllable.

List Of English Verbs Pdf

This was used in some dialects rather than the modern -s, e.g. He maketh ('he makes'), he runneth ('he runs'), he goeth ('he goes'). In some verbs, a shortened form -th appears: he hath ('he has'), he doth ('he does'; pronounced as if written duth), he saith or he sayeth ('he says').

The forms hath and doth are found in some proverbs (', '). Another set of forms are associated with the archaic second person singular pronoun, which often have the ending -est, pronounced as a full syllable, e.g. Thou makest ('you make'), thou leadest ('you lead').

In some verbs, a shortened form -st appears: thou hast ('you have'), thou dost ('you do'; rhymes with must). In the case of the verb be, such forms included art (present tense), wast (past), wert (past subjunctive) and beest (present subjunctive; pronounced as two syllables). In all other verbs, the past tense is formed by the base past tense form of the word (e.g. Had, did, listened) plus -'st, not pronounced as a full syllable, e.g.

Thou had'st ('you had'), thou did'st ('you did'), thou listened'st ('you listened'). Modal verbs except must also have -t or -st added to their form, e.g.

Thou canst ('you can'), thou wilt ('you will'), thou wouldst ('you would'), thou mightst ('you might'), except may, which is thou mayest ('you may'). For example, several such forms (as well as other archaic forms such as yea for 'yes', thy for 'your', and mine enemies for 'my enemies') appear in from the: The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters.

He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. Yea, though I walk through the, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil;.

Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever. For more information see, and (for the history of the verb be).

Syntactic constructions Expressing tenses, aspects and moods Apart from the simple past tense described above, English verbs do not have synthetic forms for particular,. However, there are a number of (multi-word) constructions with verb forms that serve to express tense-like or aspect-like meanings; these constructions are commonly described as representing certain verb tenses or aspects (in they are often simply called tenses). For the usage of these forms, see below. More detail can be found in the article. Simple and progressive The (or continuous) aspect is expressed with a form of be together with the present participle of the verb. Thus (present continuous) constructions take forms like am writing, is writing, are writing, while the (past continuous, also called ) is was writing, were writing. There is a progressive infinitive (to) be writing and a progressive be writing.

Other progressive forms, made with compound forms of be, are described below. The basic present and past tenses of the verb are called (present simple) and (past simple), to distinguish them from progressive or other compound forms.

Thus the simple present of the above verb is write or writes, and the simple past (also called ) is wrote. Perfect The is expressed with a form of the auxiliary have together with the past participle of the verb. Thus the is have written or has written, and the (pluperfect) is had written. The perfect can combine with the progressive aspect (see above) to produce the (continuous) have/has been writing and the (continuous) had been writing. There is a perfect infinitive (to) have written and a perfect progressive infinitive (to) have been writing, and corresponding present participle/gerund forms having written and having been writing.

A perfect ( have written) is also sometimes used. Future and conditional perfect forms are given below. Future and conditional What is often called the of English is formed using the auxiliary will. The simple future is will write, the future progressive (continuous) is will be writing, the is will have written, and the future perfect progressive (continuous) is will have been writing. Traditionally (though now usually in formal English only) shall is used rather than will in the first person singular and plural; see. The, or ', forms are made analogously to these future forms, using would (and should) in place of will (and shall). Expressing passive voice The in English is normally expressed with a form of the copula verb be (or sometimes get) together with the past participle of the main verb.

In this context be is not a stative verb, so it may occur in progressive forms. Examples:. The house was built last year. The house is being built at the moment.

The house will be built by our firm. (a prepositional phrase with by expresses the performer of the action). I was given a blueprint.

(here the subject of the passive corresponds to the indirect object of the active). He was said to know the house's dimensions. (special construction related to ) For details, see.

Imperatives are expressed with the base form of the verb, normally with no subject: Take this outside! It is possible to add the second person pronoun you for emphasis: You be good! More details can be found in the article. Questions, negation, inversion and emphasis Questions are formed by (unless the interrogative word is part of the subject). If there is otherwise no auxiliary, the verb do ( does, did) is used as an auxiliary, enabling the inversion. This also applies to negation: the negating word not must follow an auxiliary, so do is used if there is no other auxiliary.

Inversion is also required in certain other types of sentences, mainly after negative adverbial phrases; here too do is used if there is no other auxiliary. The construction with do as auxiliary is also used to enable emphasis to be added to a sentence.

For details of the above constructions, see. Use of verb forms This section describes how the verb forms introduced in the preceding sections are used. More detail can be found in the article and in the articles on the individual tenses and aspects. Finite forms In referring to an action taking place regularly (and not limited to the future or to the past), the is used: He brushes his teeth every morning. For an action taking place at the present time, the construction is used: He is brushing his teeth now. With some verbs expressing a present, particularly the copula be and verbs expressing a mental state, the present simple is generally used: They are here; I know that.

However other state verbs use the present progressive or present simple depending on whether the state is considered temporary or permanent: The pen is lying on the table; Paris lies on the Seine. For past actions or states, the is generally used: He went out an hour ago; Columbus knew the shape of the world. However, for completed actions for which no past time frame is implied or expressed, the is normally used: I have made the dinner (i.e.

The dinner is now ready). For an action in the course of taking place, or a temporary state existing, at the past time being referred to (compare uses of the present progressive above), the is used: We were sitting on the beach when. For an action that was completed before the past time being referred to, the is used: We had sat down on the blanket when.

For actions or events expected to take place in the future, the construction with will can be used: The president will arrive tomorrow. Future events are also often expressed using the construction: She is going to arrive tomorrow.

Planned events can also be referred to using the present progressive ( She is arriving tomorrow) or, if precisely scheduled, the simple present ( She arrives tomorrow). The future progressive and future perfect can be used analogously to the past equivalents: We will be sitting on the beach this afternoon; We will have left the house by 4 o'clock. However, in subordinate clauses expressing a condition or a time reference, present forms are used rather than the forms with will: If/When you get (not will get) there. When expressing actions or events lasting up to a specified time, the appropriate perfect construction is used (with the progressive if expressing a temporary state that would generally be expressed with a progressive form): We have been having some problems lately; I have lived here for six years; We had been working since the previous evening; We will have been working for twelve hours by the time you arrive. The use of tense and aspectual forms in condition and conditional clauses follows special patterns; see. For use of tenses in, see.

For the use of subjunctive forms, see. Non-finite forms. For details, see. The bare, identical to the base form of the verb, is used as a complement of most modal verbs and certain other verbs ( I can write; They made him write; I saw you write), including in negated and inverted sentences formed using ( He doesn't write; Did you write?). Preceded by to, it forms the to-infinitive, which has a variety of uses, including as a ( To write is to learn) and as the complement of many verbs ( I want to write), as well as with certain adjectives and nouns ( easy to ride; his decision to leave), and in expressions of purpose ( You did it to spite me). The past participle has the following uses:. It is used with the auxiliary have in constructions: They have written; We had written before we heard the news.

(With verbs of motion, an archaic form with be may be found in older texts: he is come.). It is used as a, with be or get, to form the: This book was written last year; Trees sometimes get gnawed down by beavers. It is used to form passive, which can be used adjectivally or adverbally ( a letter written on his computer; Beaten to a pulp, he was carried away) and as complements of certain verbs ( I got my car mended; They had me placed on a list). It may be used as a simple: as a passive participle in the case of ( the written word, i.e. 'the word that is written'), and as a perfect active participle in the case of some intransitive ones ( a fallen tree, i.e. 'a tree that has fallen').

The present participle has the following uses:. It is used with forms of be, in progressive constructions: He is writing another book; I intend to be sitting on the beach. It can form, which can be used adjectivally or adverbally: The man sitting over there is drunk; Being a lawyer, I can understand this; I saw her sitting by the tree.

It can serve as a simple adjective: It is a thrilling book. The same form used as a gerund has the following uses:. It forms verbal phrases that are then used as nouns: Lying in bed is my favorite hobby.

It forms similar phrases used as a complement of certain verbs: He tried writing novels. The logical subject of a phrase formed with a gerund can be expressed by a, as in I do not like your/Jim's drinking wine, although a non-possessive noun or pronoun is often used instead, especially in informal English: I do not like you/Jim drinking wine. The latter usage, though common, is sometimes considered ungrammatical or stylistically poor; it is given names like fused participle and geriple since it is seen to confuse a participle with a gerund. For more information see. Gerund forms are often used as plain, which function grammatically like common nouns (in particular, by being qualified by adjectives rather than adverbs): He did some excellent writing (compare the gerund: He is known for writing excellently).

Such verbal nouns can function, for instance, as, as in a writing desk. Objects and complements Verbs are used in certain patterns which require the presence of specific in the form of and other of particular types. (A given verb may be usable in one or more of these patterns.) A verb with a direct object is called a. Some transitive verbs have an indirect object in addition to the direct object. Verbs used without objects are called.

Both transitive and intransitive verbs may also have additional complements that are not considered objects. A single (direct) object generally follows the verb: I love you. If there is an indirect object, it precedes the direct object ( I gave him the book), although an indirect object can also be expressed with a following the direct object (and this method is usual when the direct object is a personal pronoun): I gave the book to John; I bought them for you. Other complements may include prepositional phrases, and, depending on the applicable verb pattern.

These complements normally follow any objects. For example:. I insist on coming. (this use of the verb insist involves a prepositional phrase with on). I expect to arrive tomorrow. (this use of expect involves a to-infinitive phrase). I asked him whether he was coming.

(this use of ask involves a direct object (him) and an interrogative content clause) More examples can be found at. English has a number of: verbs which can be used either intransitively or transitively, where in the intransitive use it is the subject that is receiving the action, and in the transitive use the direct object is receiving the action while the subject is causing it. An example is sink: The ship sank (intransitive use); The explosion sank the ship (transitive use). Other common examples include open, sink, wake, melt, boil, collapse, explode, freeze, start, sell. For more details on how verbs are built up into clauses, see.

Phrasal verbs. Main article: Many English verbs are used in particular combinations with adverbial modifiers such as on, away, out, etc. Often these combinations take on independent meanings. They are referred to as.

(This term may also include verbs used with a complement introduced by a particular preposition that gives it a special meaning, as in take to (someone).) The adverbial particle in a phrasal verb generally appears close after the verb, though it may follow the object, particularly when the object is a pronoun: Hand over the money or Hand the money over, but Hand it over. See also. Notes., p. 301. H.W.

Fowler, 1926. Penguin guide to plain English, Harry Blamires (Penguin Books Ltd., 2000) pp.144-146 References. Gilman, E.

Ward (editor in chief) Merriam Webster's Dictionary of English Usage (Merriam-Webster, 1989). The Oxford English Grammar. (Oxford, 1996)., The Oxford Companion to the English Language (Oxford, 1992).; McCarthy, Michael (2006). Cambridge grammar of English: a comprehensive guide; spoken and written English grammar and usage; Cambridge international corpus. Cambridge University Press. External links For a list of words relating to English verbs, see the in, the free dictionary. Look up in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The Wikibook has a page on the topic of:. at the Online Writing Lab at.

List of English Verbs in all Tenses 1000 English Verbs Forms Proper use of verbs is very important to speak and write correct English. Following is the list of Verbs in it's forms S.No.

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Verb Form List In English

List Of English Verbs Pdf